liable to judgment; whoever insults his brother will be liable to the council; and whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be liable to the hell of fire” (Matt. 5:21–22). Here, Jesus is interpreting the sixth commandment (Ex. 20:13). Many of the Jews of his day, including the Pharisees, believed that if they had never murdered anyone, then they had wholly kept this law. But Jesus argued, to the contrary, that not only do our actions condemn us but our hearts do as well. Thus, Jesus understood the Ten Commandments